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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medication is the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have a long record of high response, excellent tolerance and safety throughout the life span. IamPsychiatry is important to determine the appropriate medication and dosage that relieves your child's or your own symptoms without side effects. This may require a lot of trial and error, as and a clear communication with your physician. Stimulants Stimulants are substances that enhance the activity of the central nervous system. They are extensively used as stimulants for cognitive enhancement and performance by athletes, students, artists, and workers. They are also used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), eating disorders that cause binge eating, and other anxiety disorders. The most commonly used stimulant medications are amphetamines and methylphenidates. FDA-approved prescription stimulants come in both immediate-release and prolonged-release formulations. Immediate-release medication is usually taken every 4 hours. When they stop working, they can cause sudden and temporary decrease in energy. The crash may cause extreme hunger, mood swings, and fatigue. Immediate-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeats in certain people. This is especially true when they do not eat enough. Extended-release medicines are formulated to release active ingredients over a period of 8 to 16 hours. Your doctor may recommend this type of medication if your goal is long-lasting symptom control without having to take a pill multiple times a day. Methylphenidate medications in the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. Daytrana is a methylphenidate that acts long-lastingly product that adheres to your skin like a bandage, and is able to last for the entire day. This type of medication is typically given to people with ADHD who need daily doses that last longer than the immediate-release alternatives. Stimulant medications do not cure ADHD but it can assist manage the symptoms by improving the way neurons in the brain communicate. They accomplish this by altering the levels of neurotransmitters that are present in the brain, like dopamine and norepinephrine. They do this by blocking or binding to their receptors. This allows the release of more neurotransmitters, which helps to improve the transmission and reception of messages between neurons. Doctors often prescribe antidepressants addition to stimulants to treat ADHD. The majority of the antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD affect the levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are an excellent option for those suffering from depression or anxiety. These medications are typically paired with stimulants to boost their effectiveness. Your doctor can switch between stimulant and a non-stimulant drug if your current medication isn't effective or has intolerable side effects. Long-acting Stimulants aid in the treatment of 70% to 80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They help reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, talking over others and losing focus in conversations or tasks. They also enhance the performance of your job and improve your social skills. The stimulant medication begins to work once it has crossed the blood-brain barrier which can take between 45 and 60 minutes. They increase the levels Dopamine and Norepinephrine in brain cells, which reduces hyperactivity and impulseivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medications contain one of two molecules that are Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). These stimulants can trigger negative side effects, such as nausea or loss of appetite, as well as increased blood pressure. They can also trigger headaches and anxiety. They can also cause tics to become worse and cause sleep issues in some people. Long-acting stimulants, like Strattera or Wellbutrin, can be used all day and night. Short-acting medicines only last a few hours. They can also be used to treat other ailments such as anxiety or depression. The medications affect the ways your body regulates chemicals known as monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine within the brain and other neurotransmitters. These chemicals remain in the body for longer if they're not broken down. This can affect your behavior and even your thinking. Long-acting medications can have fewer side effects, and your doctor will prescribe them in smaller doses that you can take throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release form that you can take daily. Adults may find this more convenient however, it is important to be sure to take your stimulants each day. SSRIs and other medications have been proven to be effective in treating ADHD in many adults. These are usually used to treat anxiety or depression however, they can be prescribed for ADHD and 70% of people react. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a different SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been demonstrated to be more effective than placebos in one controlled study. These medications can trigger serious adverse effects, including ringing of the ears anxiety, and changes in vision, heart and lung function. Short-acting The stimulant drugs work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. These two chemicals assist people to manage their behavior and improve their focus. These drugs are available in different forms, and each comes with its own distinct brand, such as Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two major types of stimulant drugs: the methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and the amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). All have similar effects, however they differ in their duration of effect. The methylphenidates produce less lasting effects; they can last up to three hours, whereas amphetamines have longer-lasting effects. Some people tolerate stimulant medications better than others, and your doctor might prescribe them. It is crucial to learn as much as possible about the medication. This includes any side effects, the frequency at which it should be taken, and any warnings. This will help to work with your doctor in determining the appropriate dosage and medication for you. These medications can also trigger adverse side effects, like insomnia or a loss of appetite. If these happen consult your physician about adjusting the dosage or trying another drug. Adults suffering from ADHD who don't respond well to stimulants are treated with nonstimulant medications. These drugs take longer to effect but improve the ability to pay attention and control impulses. These drugs might be prescribed as a stand-alone or together with stimulants. The first of these is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) that is a stimulant of norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex, which controls behavior. Another is the guanfacine (brand name Intuniv) that belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha agonists. These work by blocking the reuptake of brain chemicals and increasing their concentration in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was originally designed to treat high blood pressure, has now been proven to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People with ADHD use a variety of drug combinations. These include stimulants combined with depressant drugs such as Guanfacine or Clonidine. These drugs are calming for the brain and can reduce symptoms such as sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They also help to prevent withdrawal symptoms from stimulants. However, this combination could be dangerous if not utilized correctly. Serotonin Syndrome is a medical emergency that occurs when there is an excess of serotonin in the body. This combination can also increase the blood pressure and heart rate. People with heart disease or high blood pressure are at higher risk of developing adverse effects from this drug. Combinations of stimulants are more and more being used by teens and young adults. These are commonly described as “legal highs” and are available at pharmacies. They are also available on the black market. These substances are dangerous, especially if combined with alcohol or other substances. Polydrug use can be dangerous. Mixing drugs can trigger unpredictable and harmful effects, including increased heart rate, slower breathing, hallucinations, paranoia, seizures and addiction. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD, according to the findings of a study. Combining medications increased adherence and helped patients achieve more relief from symptoms than monotherapy. Some patients, however were unable to continue treatment due adverse effects. In a few instances, the medication was discontinued due to sleep issues or worsening tics. This could be due to a misdiagnosis or lack of medication. Nonstimulants can also be used to treat ADHD. They can help improve attention span and impulse control, but they don't work as effectively as stimulants. They are less likely to suppress appetite and growth. Certain antidepressants may also be prescribed for ADHD. However they have a lower chance of improving focus and concentration. In several studies, the atomoxetine (Concerta) in combination with methylphenidate, gave better results than any drug on its alone. Combining these two medications was proven to increase adherence and decrease the risk of adverse reactions in a majority of people. The combination was beneficial for young adults and adolescents. This combination could be a feasible alternative for children suffering from severe ADHD.